The following cell structures or organelles are found in a
typical eukaryotic cell:
|
Eukaryotic
Organelles or Structures
|
Definition
and Function
|
|
Plasma membrane
|
boundary
between cell and environment; regulate what enters and exits the cell, acts
as selectively permeable barrier, mediates cell-cell interaction and adhesion
to surfaces
|
|
Ribosome
|
consists
of RNA and proteins; site of protein synthesis
|
|
Golgi complex
|
composed
of groupings of flattened sacs known as cisternae; process, packages and
exports protein molecules; lysosome formation
|
|
Cytoplasmic matrix
|
liquid
inside the cell; site of many metabolic process, helps in transport of
metabolites
|
|
Endoplasmic reticulum
|
contains
interconnected network of flattened sac like structure called cisternae;
synthesis and transport of proteins, lipids and steroid hormone;
detoxification
|
|
Lysosome
|
spherical
vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes; major role in protein destruction
|
|
Mitochondria
|
power
house of cell; produces ATP through tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron
transport, oxidative phosphorylation and other pathways
|
|
Cilia and flagella
|
protrusions
from a cell; helps in movement and cellular locomotion; helps cell to adhere
to solid surface
|
|
Nucleus
|
membrane
enclosed organelle; house of genetic information as DNA; control centre for
cell
|
|
Vacuole
|
found
in plant and fungal cells; enclosed compartments filled with water containing
inorganic and organic molecules; helps in storage, transport, digestion and
water balance
|
|
Choloroplast
|
specialized
subunit in plant and animal cells;a plastid that contains chlorophyll; site
of photosynthesis-traps sunlight and forms carbohydrate from carbon dioxide
and water
|
|
Cell wall
|
tough,
flexible layer;consist mainly of cellulose; found in plants; provides shape,
support and protection to cell
|
|
Centrioles
|
cylindrical
groupings of microtubules; found in animal cells but absent
in plant cells; helps to
organize spindle fibers during cell division
|
|
Cytoskeleton
|
a
network of fibers throughout the cytoplasm, support the cell and aids in
organelle movement; consists of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and
microtubules
|
|
Peroxisomes
|
tiny
structures that detoxify alcohol; use oxygen to break down fats; contains
reducing enzymes like catalase and oxidase
|
|
Nucleolus
|
present
in nucleus; dense spherical structure; site of ribosome biogenesis
|
|
Microtubule
|
microscopic
tubular structure; component of cytoskeleton; maintains structure of cell,
helps in intracellular transport and movement of secretory vesicles and
organelles
|
RNA: Ribonucleic acid
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid
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